Circular Procurement for Cities
  • Circular public procurement: a framework for cities
    • Disclaimer
  • INTRODUCTION
  • How to use this framework
  • Framework overview
  • The benefits of circular public procurement
  • PART 1: SETTING YOURSELF UP FOR SUCCESS
    • Set and communicate the level of ambition
      • Set the level of ambition
      • Communicate your ambition
    • Build internal capacity and collect data
      • Learn from other cities
      • Form a working group
      • Align and build internal capacity
      • Conduct market research and collect data
      • Conduct market dialogues
    • Identify opportunities for pilots
      • Identify opportunities for pilots
  • PART 2: ADAPT CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS
    • Develop circular criteria
      • Criteria for products
      • Criteria for food
      • Criteria for plastic packaging
      • Criteria for mobility
      • Criteria for buildings
  • PART 3: RUN A CIRCULAR TENDER PROCESS
    • Assess needs and review assets
      • Assess needs and consider the use of services
      • Review assets
      • Assess risks and opportunities
    • Engage relevant departments
    • Adapt selection and evaluation
      • Evaluation and performance review
      • Adapt the tender procedure
      • End-of-use
  • PART 4: MAINSTREAM CIRCULAR PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
    • Learn and improve
    • Support innovation and emerging innovators
    • Align business support with circular objectives
    • Create an enabling regulatory environment
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Thank you
    • Core team and contributors
  • Glossary
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  1. PART 2: ADAPT CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS
  2. Develop circular criteria

Criteria for buildings

Embedding circularity in the criteria of buildings

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Buildings are not only one of the largest assets managed by city governments, they also have a large carbon footprint over their lifecycle and generate a lot of waste. Circular economy strategies could reduce global emissions from the construction and demolition of buildings by 2.1 billion tonnes of CO₂ by 2050.

Your city governments can, for example, make better use of existing buildings through space sharing models so that fewer new buildings need to be created. Your municipality can also procure the refurbishment and retrofitting of older buildings so that they meet new standards. This can also include procuring access to light, flooring, as well as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). City governments have the ability to optimise the economies of scale for this type of business model as most providers cite lack of demand as a major barrier to scale at the moment.

When you decide to procure new buildings instead of using the spaces that already exist, consider the sorts of materials that could be used. Reusing materials and choosing recycled materials is one approach but for those virgin inputs that are needed, looking to switch to regeneratively sourced inputs (where appropriate) will be critical. When procuring new buildings, consider ensuring that they are designed for flexible use and eliminate waste during the construction and deconstruction phases. If a building has to be deconstructed, your municipality can also promote the reuse and recycling of building materials so that they don’t end up in landfills or incinerators.

Cost efficiencies can be achieved when circular procurement criteria and outcomes are included as early as possible, allowing for a lifecycle approach to building projects. Further cost efficiencies can be achieved by pooling together tenders for lighting, fit-outs, or refurbishment to achieve economies of scale and cost reductions. When it comes to large-scale construction projects such as hospital buildings, your city government can make use of public-private partnership performance frameworks or Design-Build-Finance-Operate (DBFO) procurement models to help mitigate and share risk.

By applying circular economy principles to criteria for procuring new buildings and throughout a building’s life cycle, your city government can support its climate targets, improve material efficiency, and strengthen your local economy, while meeting the urban needs for built space. Your city can also embed circular economy principles into planning legislation and building codes to help encourage wider adoption of circularity among other developers in the urban space and to multiply its benefits.

Questions to consider:

  • Design + Can you incentivise the redesign/refurbishment of existing buildings for new uses? + Can you incentivise more circular design of buildings (e.g. modular design, designed for disassembly and reassembly, consider changing user needs)? + Can you use certifications such as cradle-to-cradle, EPD, LEED, or BREEAM for the criteria + Can you require that the geometry of the building is documented through open Building Information Modelling (BIM)? + Can you use Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) as a price criterion?

  • Materials + Can you procure construction materials that enable circularity (e.g. mono-materials, locally-sourced, low-carbon, made from recycled content, or regeneratively produced)? + Can you have a take-back scheme or extended producer responsibility with material manufacturers/suppliers? + Can you require the use of life cycle analysis (LCA) to choose the construction materials that will be used? + Can you require that a digital material passport is created for the building?

  • Construction techniques + Can you incentivise more circular construction techniques (e.g. use of reversible connections, prefabrication, and Modern Methods of Construction (MMC))? + Can you require the reduction of transport of bulk / heavy materials from and around the construction site?

  • Operation + Can you have product-as-a-service leasing agreements with manufacturers and suppliers for the procurement of services and maintenance of the building? + Can you use the following circular real estate business models: flexible spaces, adaptable assets, relocatable buildings, residual value, or performance procurement?

  • Deconstruction techniques + Can you procure a deconstruction contractor to recover materials from the building at the end of life? + Can you arrange for the sorting of materials on the deconstruction site?

Examples

1) The in the aim to reduce the environmental impacts through sustainable practices while improving the livelihood of families. The participatory project promotes the use of green infrastructure, such as the use of native species on green walls and roofs as well as urban gardens, and material efficiency.

2) When the procured the extension of their city hall, the winning proposal offered a 20-year service contract for a modular extension that could also pilot “building as material banks” practices. The extension was designed for disassembly and reuse, and made use of high-quality, renewable, and re-fabricated materials. At the end of the contract, building components can be returned to their suppliers.

3) From the outset, it was decided that the design of the new would be cradle-to-cradle (C2C) certified. The design tender included a brief to provide the most innovative vision for a C2C town hall that would benefit people, the environment, and the economy. The tender also included a take-back scheme for high-quality furniture that would be easy to disassemble, repair, refurbish and reuse, and use non-harmful materials

4) The Mayor of London has released its '' to help support organisations in the built environment sector to understand how they can embed circular economy principles into their projects and design processes. Also, London’s spatial planning strategy – the Mayor’s ‘’ – requires all developments above a certain size to produce a ‘Circular Economy Statement’, detailing how they will minimise lifecycle impacts and the consumption of resources and carbon.

Resources

  • calls for the adoption of six circular strategies to transform Europe’s built environment. This will boost economic activity, increase climate resilience, and make cities more vibrant places to live and work.

  • The Big Buyers Initiative working group has published their key takeaways on the .

  • As part of the Circular Cities project, EIT Climate-KIC has published a report on the .

  • The Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s identifies opportunities for cities to embed circular principles in the urban built environment.

  • The , by Circular Flanders explains how to embed circular principles in the procurement of buildings.

  • The “urban planning” section of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s , provides an overview of how city governments can include circular economy principles in urban planning decision-making.

  • The outlines voluntary criteria designed to make it easier for public authorities to purchase goods, services and works with reduced environmental impacts.

  • was launched by Arup and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation in a bid to bring a circular economy for buildings into the mainstream, and future-proof assets in the face of a rapidly changing policy landscape.

Ecobarrios
City of Bogotá
City of Brummen
Venlo City Hall
Designing for Circularity Primer
London Plan
Building Prosperity: Unlocking the potential of a nature-positive, circular economy for Europe
Public Procurement of Circular Construction Materials
challenges and potential of circular procurement in public construction projects
factsheet on buildings
circular construction guide
Urban Policy Levers paper
EU GPP Criteria for Office Building Design, Construction and Management
The Circular Buildings Toolkit