> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://emf.gitbook.io/circular-procurement/-MB3yM1RMC1i8iNc-VYj/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://emf.gitbook.io/circular-procurement/-MB3yM1RMC1i8iNc-VYj/sections/1.2-tactical-decisions.md).

# 1.2 Tactical decisions

Making tactical procurement decisions more circular

Even without a circular economy strategy in place within your organisation, the procurement department can choose more circular purchasing options.

### Process

![Chart: Tactical decision making flow](https://882069186-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-MB-ZJgcwbjpGWPELjBc%2F-MHB9QXhGwsI5AanJ1H9%2F-MHC2mNYzPcikP8XHd6G%2FEMF_Circular_economy_procurement_framework_tactical_flow.png?alt=media\&token=5870384a-a882-43f7-b0e0-961764b79e83)

### Checklist

* [ ] Can you explore the opportunities to reuse as-is or repurpose internally? 
* [ ] Can you choose non-ownership based sourcing options? 
* [ ] Can you embed circular economy criteria in your requirements?
* [ ] What is your optimal supply chain structure to address your circular economy needs?
* [ ] What due diligence do you need to conduct on circular economy products? 

### Product as a service\*

![Chart: Product as a service flow](https://882069186-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-MB-ZJgcwbjpGWPELjBc%2F-MHB9QXhGwsI5AanJ1H9%2F-MHC2v9Z66I6KpR8vySO%2FEMF_Circular_economy_procurement_framework_product_as_service_flow.png?alt=media\&token=2ce625b7-497c-4bc9-ad8d-f204b3e97db6)

* [ ] Can you choose the payment arrangement that enables circularity? 
  * [ ] Fixed period (e.g. price/month): Potential circularity, but no incentive to limit consumption/use rates; 
  * [ ] Pay-per-use (e.g. price/wash cycle) or Pay-per-outcome (e.g. price/ provision of light or price/service of floor covering): Greater chance for circularity, as the supplier is incentivised to provide the service with minimum consumption of resources.

*\* This section is adapted from Tukker, Arnold. "Eight types of product–service system: eight ways to sustainability? Experiences from SusProNet." Business strategy and the environment 13, no. 4 (2004): 246-260.*